Arachis

Peanuts (Arachis) - a genus of plants in the Legume family, includes about 30 species, which are characterized by the development and ripening of fruits in the ground. The fruit of peanuts-beans called nuts-is usually eaten both raw and toasted, and on an industrial scale they are used to make butter. Ground nut (Arachis hypogaea) is an annual herbaceous species with a height of 30-40 cm, well suited for growing in temperate climates of America, Europe, Africa and Asia. It is characterized by erect stems and two-pinnate leaves with two pairs of leaflets that fold at nightfall. In summer, flowers collected in ears of corn bloom with a typical legume moth corolla consisting of a" sail", " boat " and two "oars". When they appear, the peduncle bends down to the ground and penetrates deep into the soil, where fruits are formed and ripen, which most often contain two seeds, sometimes more.

Peanuts (Arachis) - a genus of plants in the Legume family, includes about 30 species, which are characterized by the development and ripening of fruits in the ground. The fruit of peanuts-beans called nuts-is usually eaten both raw and toasted, and on an industrial scale they are used to make butter.

Ground nut (Arachis hypogaea) is an annual herbaceous species with a height of 30-40 cm, well suited for growing in temperate climates of America, Europe, Africa and Asia. It is characterized by erect stems and two-pinnate leaves with two pairs of leaflets that fold at nightfall. In summer, flowers collected in ears of corn bloom with a typical legume moth corolla consisting of a" sail", " boat " and two "oars". When they appear, the peduncle bends down to the ground and penetrates deep into the soil, where fruits are formed and ripen, which most often contain two seeds, sometimes more.

Cultivation

Peanuts are grown in the open ground in gardens and vegetable gardens. Its growing cycle falls on the spring-summer period, so peanuts can be grown even in moderately cold climates, although in such conditions the fruits are formed small. Sow peanuts in furrows, the distance between which is left 30 cm. Later, the shoots are thinned out, the distance between the plants located next to each other is 15-20 cm. The land is very fertile, even slightly alkaline, loamy or sandy loam, well cultivated, without weeds. Heavy clay soils should be avoided. When planting, organic fertilizers are applied at the rate of 3-5 kg/m2. Several times during the season, the plants are fed, spreading a complex fertilizer in the amount of 20-30 g/m2 on the soil surface2.

Peanuts are grown in the open ground in gardens and vegetable gardens. Its growing cycle falls on the spring-summer period, so peanuts can be grown even in moderately cold climates, although in such conditions the fruits are formed small. Sow peanuts in furrows, the distance between which is left 30 cm. Later, the shoots are thinned out, the distance between the plants located next to each other is 15-20 cm. The land is very fertile, even slightly alkaline, loamy or sandy loam, well cultivated, without weeds. Heavy clay soils should be avoided. When planting, organic fertilizers are applied at the rate of 3-5 kg/m2. Several times during the season, the plants are fed, spreading a complex fertilizer in the amount of 20-30 g/m2 on the soil surface2.

Location

Always in the open sun, as this contributes to the good development of the plant and better fruit formation.

Watering

Moderate watering is required during the dry season, but in rainy weather it is not watered at all.

Care

Remove dry and damaged parts.

Reproduction

Propagate by sowing seeds in April.

Diseases

The most common fungal disease is cercosporosis, which causes dark spots with a yellow outline to form on the leaves and stems, and fruit formation worsens. There is rot which affects the roots, root collar and the aboveground part. All these diseases are eliminated with the help of fungicides. Under unfavorable storage conditions, seeds are affected by insect pests.

Acquisition

Buy seeds before planting them, in the spring. They should be fresh, well-made, without signs of diseases, not rancid and, of course, not fried.

The collection and storage of peanuts The ripening of the peanut fruit occurs in high or late summer, about 4 months after sowing. Plants are removed from the ground entirely; it is best to do this when the ground is dry, which makes harvesting easier. They are laid out to dry in the sun. Then, tapping, separate the fruits in such a way as not to damage their shell, since unprotected seeds quickly become rancid. Seeds are usually eaten after roasting the fruit in the shell.

The collection and storage of peanuts

The ripening of the peanut fruit occurs in high or late summer, about 4 months after sowing. Plants are removed from the ground entirely; it is best to do this when the ground is dry, which makes harvesting easier. They are laid out to dry in the sun. Then, tapping, separate the fruits in such a way as not to damage their shell, since unprotected seeds quickly become rancid. Seeds are usually eaten after roasting the fruit in the shell.